PLAK NEDİR >
Plak için teknik bir tanımlama yapacak olursak, her iki
yüzünde de analog bir ses kaydı bulunan termoplastik malzemeden yapılmış
disktir diyebiliriz.
1877'de Thomas Edison, üzerinde ince bir kalay levha bulunan
silindiri çevirerek, çelik iğne ile bir çocuk şarkısı olan “Mary had a little
lamb / Mary'nin küçük bir kuzusu var’ı kayıt eder. Bu aygıtın adı fonograf.
Fonograf, kayıt edilmiş sesi tekrar seslendirebilen ilk aygıt. Sesin kayıt
edildiği silindire ise Türkçe'de kovan deniliyor. Kovanlarının ilginç bir
özelliği çoğaltılamıyor oluşu idi, yani her bir kovan için tekrar kayıt
yapılması gerekiyordu.
Edison'un kayıt medyası olan silindire karşılık 1880'lerin
sonlarına doğru Emile Berliner tarafından icat edilen gramofon'un medyası ise
disk şeklinde idi. Bu disklere Türkçe'de taş plak diyoruz. Taş plaklar zamanla
kovanların yerini aldı ama bu o kadar da hızlı ve kolay olmadı.
Türkiye'de kurulan ilk plak fabrikası ve stüdyosu olan
Orfeon Records 1912'de Alman Blumenthal ailesi tarafından kuruldu. Bu fabrika
çok önemli kayıtlar gerçekleştirdi. Bu kayıtlar Türk taş plaklarının hatırı
sayılır bir kısmını oluşturdu. En önemli sanatçılar icralarıyla bu koleksiyonlarda
yer aldılar. Türkiye'deki ilk taş plak kayıtlarından bir kısmı Türk Müziği'nin
efsanevi virtüözü Tanburi Cemil Bey'e aittir.
1948 yılında ABD'li Columbia firması, LP (Long-Play) yani
Türkçe'deki adıyla Uzunçalar'ı icat etti. Taş plaklar hem çok kolay
kırılıyorlardı hem de kısa kayıt (yaklaşık 5 dakika) yapabiliyorlardı. LP
plaklar ise plastik malzemeden yapıldığı için daha dayanıklı idi ve tek yüzüne
20 dakikadan fazla kayıt yapılabiliyordu. LP'ler 30 cm. çapında ve dakikada 33
1/3 devirdir.
Yine 1948 yılında da ABD'li RCA firması bugün 45'lik
dediğimiz 17.5 cm çapında ve dakikada 45 devir olan plakları geliştirdi.
Bu ilk dönem monofonik (mono) plaklardan sonra 1958'de aynı
iz üzerine kaydedilmiş iki farklı ses kaynağı olan stereofonik (stereo) plaklar
ortaya çıktı. Stereo plakların ortaya çıkışıyla, plak sanayisinde büyük bir
atılım gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Plaklar kaset teknolojisinin ortaya çıkışıyla yavaş yavaş
popülaritesini kaybetti. Sesleri dijital olarak barındıran CD'lerin ortaya
çıkması ile kasetler de zamanla gözden düştü. Fakat 2000'li yıllardan itibaren
plaklara ilgi tekrar artmaya başladı, 2005 yılında Amerika'da 900bin adet plak
satılmasına karşın, plak satışları 10 yıldır kesintisiz şekilde artış
göstererek 2015 yılında 11.9 milyon adede ulaşmıştır.
PLAK TÜRLERİ >
3 tür plak vardır >
LP (Long-Play)
33 1/3 devirlik plaklardır. Yani plak pikabın içinde
dakikada 33 1/3 devir de döner.
45’LİK >
45 devirlik plak türüdür. Yani plak pikabın içinde dakikada
45 devir döner. Bunlar iki türlüdür. Birincisi eskiden alışık olduğumuz küçük
boyutlu (7’’) plaklardır. Bir de 12’’ 45’lik plaklar vardır ki bunlar daha
yüksek ses kalitesine sahip masteringi ve kesimi özel olarak yapılmış
plaklardır. Bu 12’’ 45 devirli plaklarda amaç, plak üzerindeki oyukların daha
yaygın (uzun) bir alana daha fazla ayrıntı verebilecek şekilde kesilmesi ve
dolayısıyla daha kaliteli sese ulaşılmasıdır.
TAŞ PLAK >
78.26 devirlik en eski plak türüdür, sadece 4 dakika
civarında ses kayıdı içerir, çok kırılgandır. Sadece gramofonlarda çalar.
Günümüzde üretilen plakçalarların hiç biri taş plak çalmaz. Ve tabi
hatırlatmakta fayda var, gramofonlar sadece taş plak çalar, günümüzde üretilen
hiç bir plağı çalmazlar. Yani sitemizde ve mağazamızda satılan hiç bir plak
gramofonda çalmaz.
180 gr. ya da 200 gr. plak nedir >
Günümüzde üretilen plakların çoğunluğu yaklaşık 125-150
gramdır. 180 gram ya da daha üzeri gramajda olan plaklar daha kaliteli plaklar
olarak kabul edilirler. Eğilme, yamulma ve buna benzer fiziksel etkilere karşı
daha güçlü ve dayanıklıdırlar. Aynı zamanda, plak üzerindeki sesi duymamıza
yarayan izlerin 180-200 gram plaklarda daha derin kesilebilmesinin ses
kalitesini de olumlu yönde etkilediği söylenmektedir. Bu fikrin karşıt
görüşleri olduğunu da belirtmekte fayda var ve biz her zaman olduğu gibi kendi
kulağınıza güvenin diyoruz.
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